References

Andarge E, Nigussie A, Wondafrash M Factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness in Southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017; 17:(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1582-3

Badan Pusat Statistik. Profil Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Supas 2015 [Indonesian Population Profile Results of Inter-Census Population Survey 2015]. 2016. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2016/11/30/63daa471092bb2cb7c1fada6/profil-penduduk-indonesia-hasil-supas-2015.html (accessed 17 July 2024)

Braun V, Clarke V Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006; 3:(2)77-101 https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Chemuru NR, Srinivas SC Application of the PEN-3 cultural model in assessing factors affecting adolescent pregnancies in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. Int J Reprod Fertil Sex Health. 2015; S1:1-8 https://doi.org/10.19070/2377-1887-SI01001

Cheptum J, Grace O, Waithira M Factors affecting birth preparedness among pregnant women attending public antenatal clinics in Migori County, Kenya. Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2018; 3:(4)3409-3415 https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2018.03.000929

Cleland JA The qualitative orientation in medical education research. Korean J Med Educ. 2017; 29:(2)61-71 https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2017.53

Creswell JW Research design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc; 2014

Creswell JW, Creswell JD Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications Inc; 2018

Cropley A Introduction to qualitative research methods: a practice-oriented introduction.Bucharest, Romania: Editura Intaglio; 2022

Eddy BP, Fife ST Active husband involvement during pregnancy: a grounded theory. Family Relations. 2021; 70:(4)1222-1237 https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12486

Feyisa Balcha W, Mulat Awoke A, Tagele A Practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness and its associated factors:a health facility-based cross-sectional study design. Inquiry. 2024; 61 https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241236016

Helman C Culture, health and illness.Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2007

Huff RM, Kline MV, Peterson DV Health promotion in multicultural populations. A handbook for practitioners and students.Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications Inc; 2015

Jayadi YI, Dewi NU, Rahmawati HH, Syahrir S Food taboo among pregnant women and children in the Kaili tribe Palu City, Indonesia. Enferm Clin. 2020; 30 S4:109-113 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.052

Khasanah U, Esyuananik E, Nurlaili A Analisis Faktor Sosiodemografi Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Pemilihan Tempat Persalinan Di Kabupaten Bangkalan [Analysis of sociodemographic factors in making decisions on choosing a delivery place in Bangkalan Regency]. Jurnal Kebidanan dan Kesehatan Tradisional. 2018; 3:(1)27-31 https://doi.org/10.37341/jkkt.v3i1.70

Laney EK, Carruthers L, Hall MEL, Anderson T Expanding the self. J Fam Issues. 2014; 35:(9)1227-1251 https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13479573

Lang-Baldé R, Amerson R Culture and birth outcomes in sub-saharan Africa: a review of literature. J Transcultural Nurs. 2018; 29:(5)465-472 https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659617750260

Lestari W, Auliyati Z, Pusat A Meta-Etnografi Budaya Persalinan Di Indonesia [Meta-ethnography of delivery cultures in Indonesia]. Jurnal Masyarakat Budaya. 2018; 20:(1)49-60 https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v20i1.511

MacDonald T, Jackson S, Charles MC The fourth delay and community-driven solutions to reduce maternal mortality in rural Haiti: a community-based action research study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018; 18:(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1881-3

Markos D, Bogale D Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of child bearing age group in Goba woreda, Oromia region, Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014; 14:(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-282

Moser A, Korstjens I Part 1: introduction. Eur J Gen Pract. 2017; 23:(1)271-273 https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375093

Nachinab GT, Yakong VN, Dubik JD Perceptions on birth preparedness and complication readiness: perspectives of pregnant women. SAGE Open. 2023; 13:(4) https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231207136

Ngotie TK, Kaura DKM, Mash B Awareness of cultural practices by skilled birth attendants during pregnancy and birth in Kenya: an interpretive phenomenological study. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2022; 16:(5) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100394

Raman S, Nicholls R, Ritchie J, Razee H, Shafiee S How natural is the supernatural? Synthesis of the qualitative literature from low and middle income countries on cultural practices and traditional beliefs influencing the perinatal period. Midwifery. 2016; 39:87-97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.05.005

Salazar LF, Crosby R, DiClemente RJ Research methods in health promotion.Thousand Oaks, CA: John Wiley & Sons; 2015

Salem A, Lacour O, Scaringella S Cross-sectional survey of knowledge of obstetric danger signs among women in rural Madagascar. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018; 18:(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1664-x

Soltani F, Maleki A, Shobeiri F, Shamsaei F, Ahmadi F, Roshanaei G The limbo of motherhood: women’s experiences of major challenges to cope with the first pregnancy. Midwifery. 2017; 55:38-44 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.08.009

Tela FG, Gebremariam LW, Beyene SA Food taboos and related misperceptions during pregnancy in Mekelle city, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020; 15:(10) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239451

Teng SP, Zuo TC, Jummaat FB, Keng SL Knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and associated factors among Malaysian mothers. Br J Midwifery. 2015; 23:(11)800-806 https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2015.23.11.800

Thompson SR The essential guide to public health and health promotion.London: Routledge; 2023

Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014; 14:(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-275

UNFPA. Strengthening data to reduce maternal deaths in Indonesia. 2023. https://indonesia.unfpa.org/en/news/strengthening-data-reduce-maternal-deaths-indonesia (accessed 18 July 2024)

Vallely LM, Emori R, Gouda H, Phuanukoonnon S, Homer CSE, Vallely AJ Women’s knowledge of maternal danger signs during pregnancy: findings from a cross-sectional survey in Papua New Guinea. Midwifery. 2019; 72:7-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.02.001

Viirman F, Hesselman S, Wikström AK Negative childbirth experience – what matters most? a register-based study of risk factors in three time periods during pregnancy. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2022; 34 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100779

Wilcox ML, Krupp K, Niranjankumar B Birth preparedness and place of birth in rural Mysore, India: a prospective cohort study. Midwifery. 2016; 34:245-252 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.11.001

World Health Organization. Global reference list of 100 core health indicators (plus health-related SDGs). 2018a. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259951/WHO-HIS-IER-GPM-2018.1-eng.pdf;jsessionid=1DA98C59A9722C7D11320401101D1E16?sequence=1 (accessed 4 July 2024)

World Health Organization. WHO recommendations antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. 2018b. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2413/2018/02/ANC-OverviewBriefer-letter.pdf (accessed 4 July 2024)

World Health Organization. Maternal mortality: evidence brief. 2023. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality (accessed 4 July 2024)

Wudu MA, Tsegaye TB Birth preparedness and complication readiness and associated factors among recently delivered mothers in Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019. Int J Womens Health. 2021; 13:177-187 https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S279201

Yılmaz M, Değirmenci F, Yılmaz DV A psychosocial examination of feelings and thoughts about pregnancy: a qualitative study. Midwifery. 2021; 103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2021.103106

Real world research

Local cultural perspectives of birth preparedness: a qualitative study in a rural subdistrict of Indonesia

02 August 2024
Research
02 August 2024
Volume 32 · Issue 8

Abstract

Background/Aims

Cultural factors significantly impact maternal mortality during pregnancy and birth, and cultural norms can affect pregnancy, labour and care-seeking behavior. This study explored local cultural perspectives of birth preparedness in a rural area of Java, Indonesia.

Methods

This descriptive qualitative study used individual semi-structured interviews with 16 purposively selected participants, including 10 pregnant women, two community midwives, two pregnant women's parents and two health cadres. Data were analysed thematically.

Results

Three primary themes were found: the meaning of pregnancy in the sociocultural context, the meaning of childbirth and cultural values in pregnancy.

Conclusions

Sociocultural factors have a significant impact on pregnancy and childbirth in rural Indonesian areas, and pregnant women may be unprepared for birth. It is essential to create a culturally appropriate intervention model for childbirth readiness that pregnant women and their families can easily understand. Innovation is vital to empower the community to promote childbirth preparation.

Maternal mortality is a significant public health concern, especially in countries with low and middle incomes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2023), in 2020, approximately 287 000 women lost their lives during and after pregnancy and childbirth. The vast majority of these maternal deaths (almost 95%) occurred in low and lower–middle-income countries (WHO, 2023). Approximately 800 women per day died as a result of avoidable factors associated with pregnancy and birth (WHO, 2023).

The provision of healthcare services by proficient healthcare professionals before, during and after childbirth can prevent mortality among women and infants (Ngotie et al, 2022; WHO, 2023). Between 2000 and 2020, the global maternal mortality ratio (maternal deaths per 100 000 live births) decreased by approximately 34% (WHO, 2023). However, maternal mortality is still a significant public health issue in low-income countries, such as Indonesia, which has the highest maternal mortality among countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (UNFPA, 2023). Data from the 2015 inter-census population survey in Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2016) showed that the maternal mortality ratio was 305 per 100 000 live births. The sustainable development goals' target is to reduce this to less than 70 by 2030 (WHO, 2018a).

Register now to continue reading

Thank you for visiting British Journal of Midwifery and reading some of our peer-reviewed resources for midwives. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:

What's included

  • Limited access to our clinical or professional articles

  • New content and clinical newsletter updates each month

Register
Or continue by

Signing in with your registered email address

Birth preparedness
Culture
Perspectives
Rural
Qualitative