References
Intervention for preventing postpartum depression: a systematic review of studies in Indonesia

Abstract
Background
Many researches in Indonesia have analysed various interventions to prevent postpartum depression (PPD) by health professionals.
Aim
This literature review aims to identify various health interventions to prevent PPD in Indonesia.
Methods
Searching articles used several electronic databases, namely Google Scholar and Indonesian database. The articles included in this review are full-text articles, published from 2008–2017.
Results
Three types of actions have been identified to prevent PPD, namely counselling, music therapy and aromatherapy. The research instrument such as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Zung Self-Rate Anxiety Scale were effective to measure the risk of PPD.
Conclusion
Midwives can apply methods according to the patient's needs in order to prevent PPD.
Maternal issues in mental health pose huge obstacles for communities around the world. The birth of a child causes the role and duty of a woman to shift unexpectedly and intensely. The most prevalent psychological disorder after delivery is postpartum depression (PPD), a debilitating mental disorder that can disrupt mother activity and negatively influence children's cognitive, psychological and behavioural growth (Hahn-Holbrook et al, 2018). PPD typically develops around 4–6 weeks following birth, and signs involve depressive mood, lack of enthusiasm or satisfaction in activities, disruption of sleep, disturbance of appetite, lack of energy, sense of worthlessness or remorse, decreased focus, irritability, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts (O'Hara and Wisner, 2014; Werner, 2015). The worldwide cumulative prevalence of PPD was 17.7% (95% confidence interval: 16.6%–18.8%), with substantial nationwide variability (Hahn-Holbrook et al, 2018). PPD prevalence was varying in Asia between 3.5%–63.3% (Abdollahi, 2011); however, in Indonesia, incidence of PPD was 2.32% of women after childbirth (Idaiani, 2012).
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